Bitcoin mining can be highly profitable, but it also comes with significant operating costs, particularly electricity consumption. Since mining rigs require substantial power to operate efficiently, managing electricity costs is crucial for maintaining profitability. This article will delve into various strategies and insights on how to manage and reduce electricity costs during Bitcoin mining.

Understanding Power Consumption in Mining Rigs

Bitcoin mining rigs are designed to solve complex mathematical problems, which require immense computational power. Understanding Bitcoin mining rigs' power consumption requires examining their key components and their interactions. Using the S21 Pro mining rig as an example, we will analyze its power-consuming components and their operating principles. The main power-consuming components in mining rigs include ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits), power supplies (PSUs), and cooling systems.

ASICs are the core components of mining rigs, specifically designed to execute the SHA256 algorithm for Bitcoin mining. The S21 Pro's ASIC delivers a hash rate of 234 TH/s, demanding substantial computational power and electrical input. According to the specifications, the S21 Pro consumes 3510 watts (W) of power. This means that at room temperature (25°C), the device consumes 3510 joules of energy per second. The efficiency of the device is measured in joules per terahash (J/TH). The S21 Pro has an efficiency rating of 15 J/TH, meaning it consumes 15 joules of energy to provide 1 terahash of computing power.

The power supply (PSU) converts alternating current (AC) from the power grid to direct current (DC) required by the mining rig, providing stable voltage and current to ensure normal operation. The S21 Pro's PSU has an input voltage range of 220-277 volts (V) and a frequency range of 50-60 hertz (Hz), making it suitable for most industrial and commercial power supplies. The maximum input current is 20 amps (A), indicating significant current consumption during full-load operation. The PSU needs to provide at least 4000 watts of output power to ensure stable operation under maximum load.

Mining rigs generate a lot of heat during high-load operations, necessitating effective cooling systems to dissipate heat and maintain the equipment within safe temperature ranges. The S21 Pro primarily uses air cooling, with efficient fans expelling hot air and drawing in cool air. Effective cooling design prevents overheating, protecting the stability and lifespan of the equipment.

Combining the above components, the total power consumption of the S21 Pro primarily comes from its efficient ASIC chips and the power systems supporting these chips. The cooling system also accounts for a significant portion of power consumption, ensuring the equipment maintains appropriate temperatures during intensive operations. The total power consumption of 3510 watts includes the power used by the ASICs, PSU, cooling system, and other supporting components. By choosing efficient power supplies and optimizing cooling solutions (such as additional air or liquid cooling systems), the energy efficiency of the equipment can be further optimized.

How to Reduce Your Rig’s Power Consumption

Choosing Energy-Efficient Hardware

ASICs vs. GPUs

When selecting hardware, ASICs and GPUs are two primary choices. GPUs were once the primary mining equipment, but ASICs now offer superior energy efficiency. The latest generation of GPUs usually has better energy efficiency. When using multiple GPUs for mining, ensure that each GPU's settings are optimized to reduce overall power consumption. ASICs are hardware specifically designed for mining, outperforming general-purpose GPUs in terms of performance and energy efficiency. Due to their efficient design, ASICs can provide higher hash rates (computing power) with the same power consumption, significantly reducing electricity costs per unit of computing power. You can choose models with low power consumption and high hash rates by checking device specifications.

Selecting the Right Power Supply (PSU)

Power supply efficiency significantly impacts overall power consumption. High-efficiency power supplies convert more electricity into usable power for the equipment rather than wasting it as heat. 80 PLUS certified power supplies have higher efficiency, categorized into Platinum, Gold, Silver, and Bronze. Platinum and Gold power supplies maintain low energy loss under load. We can calculate the total power consumption demand, ensuring the PSU's rated power slightly exceeds the demand to avoid overload. Additionally, choosing modular power supplies can reduce cable clutter, improve airflow, and thus lower cooling requirements.

Optimizing Software Settings

Overclocking and underclocking are primary methods for adjusting device performance and energy consumption during mining.

• Overclocking: Increasing the clock speed of GPUs or ASICs can enhance their computing power (hash rate). However, it also increases power consumption and heat output, potentially leading to hardware overheating or damage. You can use software (such as MiningSentry) to gradually increase the clock speed, monitor device temperature and performance, and find a balance between performance improvement and energy consumption. Ensure sufficient cooling support to prevent overheating.
• Underclocking: Reducing the clock speed can decrease power consumption and heat output. Although it lowers the hash rate, it is an effective method when electricity costs are high or device cooling is insufficient. Similarly, you can use management software like MiningSentry to gradually reduce the clock speed and monitor its impact on hash rate and power consumption. For some ASIC devices, power consumption modes can be adjusted through firmware updates or settings to achieve low-power mining.

We can consider configuring mining software for energy optimization. Many mining software allow users to adjust the device's voltage and clock speed to optimize energy efficiency. For example, reducing voltage can lower power consumption while maintaining a high hash rate. Research and select mining software that aligns with your hardware and goals, then utilize its advanced settings to fine-tune voltage and clock speed for optimal performance.

Many mining software and hardware manufacturers provide preset configuration files optimized for specific conditions to offer the best energy efficiency. Consult the mining software user manual, select appropriate preset configuration files, and fine-tune them based on specific needs. For example, in areas with high electricity costs, choose energy-saving modes.

Choosing Effective Cooling Solutions

Air Cooling

Air cooling, the most common method, uses fans and heat sinks to dissipate heat and lower equipment temperature. Fans draw in cool air while expelling hot air, and heat sinks increase the device's surface area to aid in heat dissipation. Regular cleaning is required to prevent dust accumulation. Arrange equipment spacing to maintain good airflow.

Hydro Cooling

Hydro cooling is more efficient than air cooling and is suitable for high-density mining sites. Coolant circulates through pipes, carrying heat away from the equipment and releasing it through radiators. Ensure all connections are leak-free when installing hydro cooling systems and regularly check coolant levels. Choose hydro cooling kits suitable for your equipment and adjust radiator positions and fan speeds according to environmental needs.

Immersion Oil Cooling

Immersion oil cooling is a more efficient method, particularly suitable for arid regions. It uses cooling oil to transfer heat, which is then released through external cooling towers. Compared to other cooling solutions, immersion oil cooling can prevent dust interference and static loss, extending the machine's lifespan and reducing noise, improving the mining site's operational environment.

Managing Power and Power Sources

Mining During Off-Peak Hours

In many regions, electricity rates are lower during off-peak hours, typically late at night or early morning. In Texas, there might even be negative electricity prices from 1 AM to 4 AM, reducing electricity costs by mining during these periods. Set mining times during off-peak hours by MiningSentry's function, ensuring the equipment automatically starts during these periods to maximize cost efficiency.

Automating Schedules

Use automation tools to adjust mining activities based on preset electricity price conditions. Mining management software like MiningSentry can automatically shut down during peak hours based on electricity price thresholds, balancing electricity costs. Compared to manual operations, the software is more timely, effective, and convenient.

Choosing a Good Electricity Provider

Find electricity providers offering competitive prices and quality services to significantly reduce electricity costs. Compare prices and service terms from multiple providers and choose the best solution for mining needs. Consider long-term contracts and bulk customer discounts to further reduce costs.

Investing in Solar Panels

Solar energy is a renewable resource that can reduce long-term electricity costs and dependence on the grid. Many large data centers are starting to consider using solar panels to convert solar energy into electricity for mining equipment. However, this investment requires evaluating the initial costs and long-term returns of solar energy investment and calculating the payback period. Choose suitable solar panels and inverters to ensure the system can meet the electricity needs of mining equipment. Combine with battery storage systems to ensure continuous power supply during nights or cloudy days. Learn more about mining and the environment here.

By implementing the in-depth strategies and methods outlined above, you can effectively reduce the power consumption of Bitcoin mining equipment, thereby lowering operating costs and increasing mining profitability. Check out our guide on mining rig maintenance and how to maintain your rig.

Learn More About Bitcoin Mining and Mining Rigs at Bitdeer!

Bitdeer offers a range of mining solutions, including advanced hardware like the SEALMINER. Our platform also provides numerous resources and blogs to help you optimize mining operations and reduce costs. Visit Bitdeer today to start mining more efficiently!